\documentclass[tikz, margin=2mm]{standalone}
\usepackage{lipsum,bigints} % Cela peut être supprimé si vous n'utilisez pas lipsum dans le document standalone
\usetikzlibrary{arrows.meta, positioning, tikzmark}
\tikzset{
  is/.style = {inner ysep=3pt, fill=gray!15},
  blk/.style = {inner ysep=3pt},
  arr/.style = {-Straight Barb},
  brr/.style = {Straight Barb-Straight Barb},
  N/.style = {draw= red, fill=yellow!15, font=\footnotesize, text=blue},
}
\begin{document}
\begin{tikzpicture}[
  node distance = 4mm and 2mm,
  remember picture
]
\node (S) at (0,0) {\tikzmarknode[is]{S}{\(\bigintsss\)}};
\node[right=of S,xshift=-4mm] (A) {\tikzmarknode[blk]{A}{\(f(x)\)}};
\node[right=of A,xshift=-4mm] (B) {\(\tikzmarknode[is]{B}{dx}\)};
\node[right=of B,xshift=-4mm] (C) {\(=\tikzmarknode[blk]{C}{F(x)}+\)};
\node[right=of C,xshift=-4mm] (D) {\(\tikzmarknode[blk]{D}{C}\)};
%\node (a) [N,below left =of A]  {Intégrande};
\node (b) [N,below left=of B]  {Différentielle en $x$};
\node (dx) [N,below =of b]  {Variation infinitésimale de la variable x};
%\node (c) [N,above left =of C]  {Primitive principale de \(f(x)\)};
%\node (d) [N,above right=of D]  {Constante d'intégration};
\node (s) [N,left=of S,xshift=-.5cm]  {Signe d'intégration};
%\draw[arr]  (a) -| (A);
\draw[arr]  (b) -| (B);
%\draw[arr]  (c) -| (C);
%\draw[arr]  (d) -| (D);
\draw[arr]  (s) -- (S);
\draw[brr]  (b) -- (dx);
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}